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Nodes, also called relays, can be just about any computer that has been set up with Tor software (you can actually download it here ). Tor forces a computer to run its communications through a large number of other computers, called nodes before they are directed to the final computer. It does this through a process called onion routing (the acronym "Tor" stands for "the onion router"). Tor is an Internet browser, which looks much like any other Internet browser, but gives users anonymity. To access dark websites, users must use Tor. The SilkRoad was a notorious dark web marketplace that was shut down by an FBI sting in November of 2014. There are a number of other tricks that can be used to hide something on the Internet, but most nefarious websites are hidden in plain sight. In other words, deep and dark websites are hidden, or secured, in plain view- security through obscurity. In reality, they all function alongside each other rather than in compartmentalized sections of a digital space. It’s worth mentioning that, while the iceberg metaphor helps differentiate surface, deep, and dark websites, it’s not an accurate depiction of how they operate. However, even if a user can find a link to a dark website, they can’t access that page in a conventional browser such as Chrome or Firefox. they have a link), they can easily access an unindexed deep web page. This could include whistleblowers protecting their identity when releasing information, or users searching the web freely in a country where certain content might be censored or blocked.Īs long as a user knows where they’re going (ie. The dark web isn’t exclusively used for selling drugs and having open discussions about neonazism, however-it can be used by anyone seeking anonymity. Some criminal activity on the dark web today arose from these IRC communities. Early Internet users hung out in online chatrooms called Internet Relay Chats (IRC). These “dark” areas of the deep web started well before the Internet was mainstream and popular. User anonymity allows illegal activities to flourish, which is how the dark web gets its bad reputation. Like the deep web, it contains unsearchable web pages-but is designed intentionally to create user anonymity, and requires special tools to access. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, as exemplified by the infamous iceberg metaphor. The terms “deep web” and “dark web” (sometimes called the darknet ) are often used interchangeably, but they are very different. According to some sources, the searchable surface web only makes up about 10% of the Internet-the deep web contains the remaining 90%. It's mostly boring information that is not useful for the vast majority of people. This data comprises the majority of the deep web. Another example of unsearchable data is the mindless chatter that computers constantly spew out to check on the status, health, or performance of other computers, or other equipment in a system. Users can’t, however, search for a conversation their teenager had on WhatsApp last week, nor can they search for the contents of a private email or banking page, or even some classifieds sites.
Anything that can be discovered using conventional search engines are considered surface web pages. The results of these searches are examples of indexed pages. Internet users can use Google to search for Facebook, CapitalOne, or TSN. The difference between the deep web and the rest of the Internet is whether or not you can search for it.
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This communication method is used across the Internet, including the deep web and dark web. Facebook (Computer B) then gives Computer A the information it searched. For example, when you type “,” your Internet Service Provider takes that request (from Computer A) and translates that domain name to the IP address corresponding to a Facebook server (Computer B). IP addresses aren’t very memorable, so they appear in the form of a web address. That name is an IP address (IP stands for Internet Protocol, it is formatted like this: 29.75.148.222). This piece of information could be a webpage, an advertisement, a calculation-pretty much anything.Įach computer uses a unique name during this communication. Computer A asks Computer B for a piece of information, and Computer B sends it back. The Internet, in its simplest form, is a group of computers talking to each other. To really understand what the deep web is, it helps to talk about what the Internet actually is. The Deep Web is Where All the Criminals Hang Out, Right?
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